Chaplain Bruce Gerstle & Chaplain Bill Park were deployed to Virginia Tech after the massacre, there were 6 others making up a team of 8 Chaplains. A local church, Calvary Chapel of Roanoke had a number of "Host Families" who were willing to put them up during their stay. After arriving and meeting with their team leaders and coordinator, Chaplain Gerstle and Chaplain Park headed over to the campus' drill field and began searching out some of the police officers who were stationed there. Some Virginia State Police Officers were sent there after the massacre to help and assist the Campus Police, who were actually the first responders. One trooper they talked to told them that when he entered the building after the shooting, all he heard were the cell phones ringing on the victim's bodies. The campus has approximately 40 police officers. In those 3 days, Chaplain Gerstle & Chaplain Park were able to minister to members of the Virginia State Police, Campus Police and the local police of the town of Blacksburg, VA. They also prayed with numerous students, faculty and administrators. Chaplain Gerstle had only 40 Police Bibles left over to give to the Campus Police . It just so happened to be manned by a force of 40 Police officers! God is awesome to provide the exact amount! Chaplain Gerstle & Chaplain Park stated they were so blessed to be able to serve our Lord in that "valley of the shadow of death" and to be able to encourage, and serve those hurting people. The Christian groups on campus are really rising to the occasion! Chaplain Gerstle & Chaplain Park participated in a prayer vigil on Monday with about 50-75 students from Campus Crusade for Christ. All the people of that university were very happy and appreciative of all the people who came to their aid to stand with them in support during this sad time. In Christ, Chaplain Bill Park and Chaplain Bruce Gerstle.

School Violence: Most parents have no idea of how many shootings have taken place over the years within our schools. Before 1995 school shootings were infrequent and usually did not lead to multiple deaths. One early school shooting occurred in San Diego, California, in January 1979. Seventeen-year-old Brenda Spencer used a rifle she had just received for Christmas to shoot at an elementary school across the street from her house. During a six-hour standoff, Brenda killed two men trying to protect the schoolchildren and wounded eight children and a police officer. She showed no emotion when finally captured. In March 1987 in Missouri twelve-year-old Nathan Ferris, an honor student, grew tired of being teased. He took a gun to school and when teased shot and killed the student and then himself. The rash of school shootings of the 1990s began in Giles County, Tennessee, on November 15, 1995. Seventeen-year-old Jamie Rouse, dressed in black, took a firearm to school and shot two teachers in the head, killing one, and killed another student while attempting to shoot the school's football coach. Rouse had told several of his classmates beforehand about his intentions, but none of the students reported the conversations to authorities. Less than two months later on February 2, 1996, in Moses Lake, Washington, fourteen-year-old Barry Loukaitis walked into a mathematics class wearing a long western coat. Under the coat he concealed two pistols, a high-powered rifle, and ammunition. Loukaitis killed two classmates and the teacher while wounding another student. He took the rest of the class hostage. Another teacher rushed Loukaitis, ending the standoff. Loukaitis, like Rouse, had shared thoughts of going on a shooting spree with another student. The same day Loukaitis attacked his fellow schoolmates, a sixteen-year-old in Atlanta, Georgia, shot and killed a teacher. The following is a list of school shootings, it is time for us to help train educators and students about how to handle such disasters if or when they happen. Please do not take the old attitute it can't happen to us, or our school, because it can.

1. April 16, 2007 Blacksburg, Va: A 23-year-old Virginia Tech student, Cho Seung-Hui, killed two in a dorm, then killed 30 more 2 hours later in a classroom building. His suicide brought the death toll to 33, making the shooting rampage the most deadly in U.S. history. Fifteen others were wounded.The Virginia Tech shooting comprised of two separate attacks about two hours apart. Cho used two firearms during the attacks, a smallbore .22-caliber Walther P22 semi-automatic handgun, and a 9 mm semi-automatic Glock 19 handgun.

2. Jan. 3, 2007 Tacoma, Wash: Douglas Chanthabouly, 18, shot fellow student Samnang Kok, 17, in the hallway of Henry Foss High School.Kok was pronounced dead at the scene. Shortly afterwards, 18-year-old Foss junior Douglas Chanthabouly was arrested walking through a suburban neighborhood nearby. Chanthabouly was arraigned and charged with first-degree murder on January 4, 2007.Tacoma Police believe that the shooting was due to a disagreement and was not likely gang-related

3. Oct. 2, 2006 Nickel Mines, Pa: Charles Carl Roberts, 32, took 10 girls hostage in an Amish school in Nickel Mines, Pa., killing five of them before killing himself.

4. Sept. 29, 2006 Cazenovia, Wi: Weston High School shooting - Eric Hainstock, 15, took two guns into Weston High School and fatally shot the principal before being captured and arrested. Eric Hainstock, a freshman, entered the school with a handgun and a shotgun, both owned by his parents. After arriving at school at approximately 8:00 a.m., he aimed the shotgun at a teacher, but it was wrestled from him by the custodian. A struggle ensued, and the shotgun was taken away. Still armed with the handgun, Hainstock sought out and confronted the school's principal, John Alfred Klang. Klang attempted to subdue Hainstock; in response, Hainstock shot Klang several times. Klang then managed to sweep away the gun and wrestle Hainstock to the ground, where others helped to hold him down. Klang was treated at Reedsburg Area Medical Center and then flown to the University of Wisconsin Hospital in Madison, where he later died as a result of the wounds he received. Hainstock was arrested and charged with first degree intentional homicide by the Sauk County District Attorney’s office. This occurred only two days after the Platte Canyon High School shooting in Colorado.

5. Sept. 27, 2006 Bailey, Co: Duane Morrison, 53, took six girls hostage at Platte Canyon High School in Bailey, Co., molesting them and holding them for hours before fatally shooting one girl and then himself.

6. Nov. 8, 2005 Jacksboro, Tenn: Assistant principal Ken Bruce was killed and two other administrators seriously wounded when Kenny Bartley, a 15-year-old student, opened fire in a Jacksboro, Tennessee high school.

7. Aug. 24, 2006 Vermont: Christopher Williams, 27, went to Essex Elementary School in Vermont and, when he could not find his ex-girlfriend - a teacher, he shot and killed one teacher and wounded another. Earlier, he had killed the ex-girlfriend's mother. He attemtped suicide but survived and was arrested.

8. Mar 21, 2005 Red Lake, Minnesota: Jeff Weise, 16, shot to death his grandfather and his grandfather's girlfriend and then went to his high school in Red Lake, Minnesota, where he killed a security guard, a teacher, and five students, and wounded seven others, before killing himself.

9. Nov. 24, 2004 Indiana: James Lewerke, a 15-year-old student at Valparaiso High School in northern Indiana, pulled two large knives out of his pants and stabbed seven of his classmates. None of the injuries was life-threatening.

10. May 7, 2004 Maryland: Four teenagers leaving a charity basketball game at their Randallstown, Maryland, high school were wounded, one critically, in a drive-by shooting. Among the suspects was a 17-year-old student at the school who had been involved in an earlier incident over a girl.

11. Apr. 3, 2004Houston Texas: A shot was fired from a passing car through the glass front door of the Accelerated Learnin and Transition Academy in Houston. About 200 students were in the school at the time but no one was injured.

12. Feb. 11, 2004 Philadelphia PA: Ten-year-old Faheem Thomas-Childs was shot in the face outside T.M. Peirce Elementary School in Philadelphia. He died six days after the shooting. He was caught in a shootout between two rival gangs. The gun battle unleashed nearly 100 shots in the area as children were arriving at the school. A school crossing guard was also injured. Two men were arrested for the shooting.

13. Feb. 2, 2004 Washington D.C.: 17-year-old James Richardson was shot to death in Ballou Senior High School in Washington D.C. during second period. The shooting resulted from a confrontation with another student who was arrested.

14. Jan. 13, 2004 Detroit: Following an argument, a 19-year-old entered Northern High School in Detroit and shot Aaron Wilson, 18, six times in the leg. Neither teen was a student at the school.

15. Nov. 14, 2003 North Carolina: A 15-year-old student accidently fired a handgun outside the East Mecklenburg High School (North Carolina) cafeteria injuring two students.

16. Oct. 30, 2003 Washington D.C: 16-year-old Devin Fowlkes was shot to death in front of Anacostia Senior High School in Washington D.C. as he left a homecoming dance along with a crowd of students. Another student was slightly injured. A 15-year-old, who said he was aiming at someone else, was arrested and charged with murder.

17. Sept. 26, 2003 North Carolina: A 13-year-old boy fired a 9 mm semiautomatic handgun into the ceiling of a Cleveland County, North Carolina, middle school. He also fired one shot into the closed door of a classroom filled with students. No one was injured.

18. Sept. 24, 2003 Cold Spring, Minn: Aaron Rollins, 17, was killed and Seth Bartell, 14, was critically wounded when 15-year-old John Jason McLaughlin walked out of a locker room at Rocori High School in Cold Spring, Minn., and shot them with a .22-caliber gun he had in his gym bag. Bartell died Oct. 10.

19. April 24, 2003 Red Lion, Pa: 14-year old James Sheets shot and killed his middle school principal Eugene Segro in a crowded school cafeteria and then killed himself.

20. April 14, 2003 New Orleans: Gunmen armed with an AK-47 rifle and a handgun opened fire in the packed gymnasium of John McDonogh Senior High School in New Orleans. Jonathan Williams, 15, was killed and three girls were wounded in a spray of bullets. It was thought to be a revenge killing for an earlier murder. A loaded handgun was found on the victim. Four suspects were arrested.

21. January 15, 2002 Manhattan: Two students at Martin Luther King Jr. High School in Manhattan, were seriously wounded when a teenager opened fire at the school.

22. January 16, 2002 Grundy, Virginia: 43-year-old Peter Odighizuwa, a Nigerian former student at the Appalachian School of Law, arrived on the campus. While numerous reports stated that Odighizuwa had flunked out of school or had been suspended, Jeremy Davis, former dean and professor of law at the school, later said that Odighizuwa had withdrawn voluntarily due to poor academic performance. Odighizuwa first discussed his academic problems with professor Dale Rubin, where he reportedly told Rubin to pray for him.[3] Odighizuwa then walked to the offices of Dean Anthony Sutin and Professor Thomas Blackwell, where he opened fire with a .380 ACP semi-automatic handgun. According to a county coroner, powder burns indicated that both victims were shot at point blank range.[4] Also killed along with the two faculty members was a student, Angela Denise Dales, age 33. Three other people were wounded.

23. November 13, 2001 Michigan: Chris Buschbacher, 17, went to the Caro (Mich.) Learning Center armed with a .22-caliber rifle and a 20-gauge shotgun, taking a student and a teacher hostage. During a three-hour standoff, he fired two shots. The hostages were eventually released but Buschbacher, who was reportedly despondent over a breakup with his girlfriend, shot himself as police prepared to enter the building.

24. March. 30, 2001 Gary, Indiana: Neal Boyd IV, 16, was shot to death outside Lew Wallace High School in Gary, Ind., where he was a student. 17-year-old Donald R. Burt Jr. was arrested, convicted and sentenced to 57 years in prison.

25. March. 22, 2001 El Cajon, Ca: Four students and two teachers were wounded at Granite Hills High School in El Cajon, Ca. None of the injuries were life-threatening. One of the wounded students, 18-year-old Jason Hoffman, was the alleged assailant. The shooting took place in a San Diego suburb just seven miles from the March 5th high school shooting.

26. March. 7, 2001 Williamsport, Pa: An 8th-grade girl shot a 13-year-old classmate during lunch at Bishop Neumann Junior-Senior High School in Williamsport, Pa. The suspect was arrested and the injuries were not considered life-threatening.

27. March. 5, 2001 Santee, Calif: 15-year-old Charles Andrew Williams was arrested for killing two classmates, and wounding 13 other people, at Santana High School in Santee, Calif. In August 2002, he received a 50-year to life sentence.

28. Feb. 2, 2001 Detroit: Two students and a teachers were reportedly grazed by gunfire at Osborn High School in Detroit. The victims were not seriously hurt, and no suspect was caught.

29. Jan. 17, 2001 Baltimore: Juan Matthews, 17, died after being shot three times while standing in front of Lake Clifton Eastern High School in Baltimore.

30. Oct. 24, 2000 Glendale, Ariz: An armed teen-ager briefly held a classroom full of children and a teacher hostage at Pioneer Elementary School in Glendale, Ariz., before surrendering to authorities. There were no injuries.

31. Sept. 26, 2000 New Orleans, La: A 13-year-old and a 15-year-old were critically wounded when they shot each other with the same gun. The shootings occured during a fight at Woodson Middle School in New Orleans, La. The gun had been slipped through a fence to one of the students by a 13-year-old who had been expelled from the school.

32. July 17, 2000 In Renton, Wash: A 13-year-old boy was charged with shooting a handgun into the ceiling of the school cafeteria. More than 100 students were in the cafeteria at the time, but no one was injured. The boy, later identified as Josh Warnock, fled and was taken into custody at the home of his grandparents the following day.

33. May 26, 2000 Lake Worth, Fla: 13-year-old honor student Nathaniel Brazill shot a teacher in the face, killing him. Police said the seventh-grader had been sent home for throwing water balloons and returned to the school with a handgun he found in his grandfather's dresser.

34. Mar. 10, 2000 Savannah, Ga: 19-year-old Stacy Smalls and 16-year-old Ramone Kimble died from gunshot wounds they suffered as they were leaving a dance honoring the Savannah, Ga. Beach High School girls basketball state championship team. Darrell Ingram, 19, was arrested and charged with murder and aggravated assault.

35. Feb. 29, 2000 Michigan: A first-grade boy at Buell Elementary School in Mount Morris Township, Mich., fatally shot classmate Kayla Rolland, 6, after the two children had a verbal spat. He took the .32-caliber handgun from his uncle's home, where he was living.

36. Dec. 6, 1999 Fort Gibson, Okla: Seth Trickey, 13, fired at least 15-rounds at Fort Gibson Middle School in Fort Gibson, Okla., wounding four classmates. He was convicted on seven assault charges.

37. Nov. 19, 1999 New Mexico: A 13-year-old girl was shot in the head in school at Deming, New Mexico. She died the next day. 12-year-old Victor Cordova Jr. pleaded guilty to the shooting.

38. May 20, 1999 Conyers, Ga: T.J. Solomon, 15, opened fire at Heritage High School in Conyers, Ga., wounding six students. Solomon pleaded guilty but mentally ill and was sentenced to 40 years in prison. T.J used, a 22 caliber sawed-off rifle and a .375 caliber handgun, from his stepfather's gun cabinet. Sentence Reduced: On August 17, 2001, T.J. Solomon's sentence was reduced from 40 years to 20 years. Now instead of 36 years before the possibility of parole, parole is possible after 18 years. T.J. is still remaining on suicide watch at Arrendale State Prison in Alto after trying to kill himself in the beginning of the year.

39. Apr. 20, 1999 Littleton, Colo: Columbine High School students Dylan Klebold, 17, and Eric Harris, 18, went on a shooting rampage, killing 12 of their classmates and one teacher, a Hoosier native, in Littleton, Colo. Klebold and Harris then kill themselves. The massacre was the bloodiest school shooting in U.S. history.

40. June 15, 1998 Richmond, Va: A male teacher and a female guidance counselor were shot in a hallway at a Richmond, Va., high school. Neither was seriously injured.

41. May 21, 1998 Springfield, Ore: student Kipland "Kip" Kinkel killed his parents, William and Faith, both Spanish teachers at local high schools. On May 21, 1998, he arrived at class at Thurston, murdering 2 of his classmates, Ben Walker and Mikael Nicklauson, and injuring 25 others. Kinkel was subdued by fellow students including one who had been shot. Kinkel had brought three weapons to the high school, a .22 caliber rifle, a .22 caliber handgun, and a 9mm Glock semi-automatic pistol. His case has become one of the standard case studies in profiling students who bring guns to school for purposes of murder, a prelude to the Columbine High School massacre.

42. May 21, 1998 Onalaska, Wash: Miles Fox,15, died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head in Onalaska, Wash. Earlier in the day, he boarded a high school bus with a gun in hand, ordered his girlfriend off the bus and took her to his home, where he shot himself.

43. May 21, 1998 Houston, Texas: A 15-year-old girl was shot and wounded at a suburban Houston, Tx., high school when a gun in the backpack of a 17-year-old boy discharged.

44. May 19, 1998 Fayetteville, Tenn: Three days before graduation, 18-year-old honor student Jacob Davis allegedly opened fire in a parking lot at Lincoln County High School in Fayetteville, Tenn., killing a classmate who was dating his ex-girlfriend.

45. Apr. 28, 1998 Pomona, Calif.: Two teen-age boys were shot to death and a third was wounded as they played basketball at a Pomona, Calif., elementary school hours after classes had ended. An unidentified 14-year-old boy was charged.

46. Apr. 24, 1998 Edinboro, Pa: A 48-year-old science teacher was shot to death in front of students at a graduation dance in Edinboro, Pa. Andrew Wurst, a 14-year-old student at James W. Parker Middle School, was charged. The killer was later described as depressed, alienated and a boy who never smiled.

47. Mar. 24, 1998 Jonesboro, Ark: Four girls and a teacher were shot to death and 10 others wounded during a false fire alarm at Westside Middle School in Jonesboro, Ark. Two boys, Andrew Golden, 11, and Mitchell Johnson, 13, were accused of setting off the alarm and then opening fire from a nearby woods.

48. Dec. 1, 1997 Paducah, Ky: Three students were killed and five others wounded as they took part in a prayer circle in a hallway at Heath High School in West Paducah, Ky. Michael Carneal, 14, described as emotionally immature, plead guilty but mentally ill and was sentenced to life. One of the wounded girls was paralyzed.

49. Oct. 1, 1997 Pearl, Miss: 16-year-old outcast Luke Woodham of Pearl, Miss., was sentenced to life in prison for killing his mother, then going to Pearl High School and shooting nine students. Two students died, including the suspect's ex-girlfriend.

50. Feb. 19, 1997 Bethel, Alaska: 16-year-old Evan Ramsey opened fire with a shotgun in a common area at a Bethel, Alaska, high school, killing the principal and a student and wounding two others. Ramsey was sentenced to two 99-year prison terms.

51. Feb. 2, 1996 Moses Lake, Wash: 14-year-old Barry Loukaitis walked into algebra class with a hunting rifle in his trenchcoat and opened fire, killing the teacher and two students. A third student was injured during the shooting at a junior high school in Moses Lake, Wash.

52. November 15, 1995 Lynnville, Tennessee: One student and a teacher were killed, and another teacher was seriously wounded by a shot to the head. The perpetrator was armed high school student Jamie Rouse, age 17. Rouse used a .22-calibre Remington Viper semi-automatic rifle. Rouse was convicted as an adult of two counts of first degree murder and one count of attempted murder, he was sentenced to life in prison without a parole.

52. Jan. 18, 1993 Grayson, Ky: Scott Pennington, 17, walked into Deanna McDavid's English class at East Carter High School in Grayson, Ky., and shot her in the head. He then shot janitor Marvin Hicks. Pennington was sentenced to life without parole.

53. December 14, 1992 Massachusetts: Wayne Lo was born in Tainan, Taiwan. His family immigrated to the US in 1987, settling in Billings, Montana. His parents ran a restaurant business in Billings. On December 14, 1992, Lo carried out his shooting rampage. That morning he received an ammunition order that he had placed two days earlier. He then went to Pittsfield, MA and purchased an SKS at a gun shop that afternoon. Lo commenced shooting at around 10:30 pm. His Victims were, Nacunan Saez 37 professor shot dead, Galen Gibson 18 student shot dead, Theresa Beavers 42 security guard - wounded, Thomas McElderry 19 student wounded, Joshua Faber 15 student wounded, Matthew David 18 student wounded, Lo surrendered to the police after his rifle jammed and he called 911, informing them that he was the shooter. He was taken into custody without incident.

54. May 1, 1992 Olivehurst, Ca: Eric Houston, 20, killed four people and wounded 10 in a seige at his former high school in Olivehurst, Ca. The attack was said to be in retaliation for a failing grade. Houston was convicted and sentenced to death.

55. November 1, 1991University of Iowa: Gang Lu (born in Beijing) (1963 - November 1, 1991 ) (surname Lu; Chinese: ?? Lú Gang) was a Chinese physics student enrolled in the PhD program at the University of Iowa. On Friday, November 1, 1991, using a .38 caliber revolver and also carrying a .22 caliber handgun, he shot five people to death, seriously wounded another, and then committed suicide in what is called the Gang Lu Massacre.

56. Jan. 17, 1989 Stockton, Ca: Patrick Purdy, 26, armed with an AK-47 assault rifle, opened fire on a playground at a Stockton, Ca., elementary school. Five children died and 29 children and one teacher were wounded before Purdy killed himself.

57. Sept. 26, 1988 Greenwood, S.C: James Wilson, 19, opened fire in a Greenwood, S.C. elementary school. He shot seven students and two teachers. Two 8-year-old girls died.

58. May 20, 1988 Winnetka, ILL: Laurie Dann, 30, shot six students at the Winnetka elementary school, killing one second-grader. She then shot a man in a nearby house before committing suicide.

59. Jan. 21, 1985 Goddard Kansas: James Alan Kearbey, 14, armed with a M1-A semiautomatic rifle and a .357-caliber handgun, killed the principal and wounded two teachers and a student at his Goddard, Kansas Junior high school. He pleaded no contest and served seven years in a state youth facility.

60. January 20, 1983 Saint Louis, Missouri: Parkway South Junior eighth-grader David Lawler shot two of his classmates then he turned the gun on himself and committed suicide. Randell Kroger, 15, was shot in the chest and died at 12:28 p.m. and 15-year-old Greg Saffo (Palmer) was injured in the shooting, which occurred just before noon in a study hall. David brought two guns to the school, and used one of them on himself to end the violence.

61. January 29, 1979 San Diego, Ca: Brenda Spencer, 16, opened fire with a .22-caliber rifle at an elementary school across the street from her San Diego, Ca., home. She killed two people and wounded seven because she "didn't like Mondays". She is in prison.

62. August 1, 1966 Austin Texas: Charles Joseph Whitman was a student at the University of Texas at Austin who shot and killed 14 people (including those who survived the initial shooting but later died as a result of their injuries) and wounded 31 others from the observation deck of the University's Main Building of The University of Texas at Austin on August 1, 1966, after murdering his wife and mother, and before being shot by Austin police.

63. September 15, 1959 Houston, Texas: A school massacre that occurred in Houston, Texas on September 15, 1959. On September 15, around 10:00 a.m., Orgeron and his son approached a teacher who was about to enter one of the classrooms. At the time he was carrying a brown suitcase with unknown contents. The teacher was given two pieces of paper by Orgeron and asked to read them. According to the teacher the papers were completely illegible, and she was unable to understand them. While she tried to read the notes Orgeron mumbled under his breath about "having power in a suitcase," and the will of God. He asked that all the children gather into a circle around him. The teacher became suspicious after seeing a mysterious button on the bottom of the suitcase. Seeing her distress other teachers joined her and Orgeron was asked to leave school grounds. When he refused the teachers began to evacuate the children away from Orgeron, and shortly thereafter Orgeron detonated the briefcase which was estimated to contain six sticks of dynamite. The explosion claimed six lives, including both Orgeron and his son. Two other students, a custodian and a teacher also perished.

Crisis Manual for Christian Schools and Youth Workers: Be prepared for tragedy in your school or church.Know the critical steps to take in the midst of a catastrophic event. Author Sandy Austin is a high school counselor who helped in the aftermath of the Columbine shootings and has spoken nationally on this subject. She offers step-by-step instruction on how to plan ahead and handle tragedy if the need should ever arise. We must educate oueselves and our schools.

The Youth Worker's Guide to Helping Teenagers in Crisis: If you work with students, you will encounter crisis. Leading crisis-management expert Rich Van Pelt and respected author and youth worker Jim Hancock unfold step-by-step plans for managing the fallout from all sorts of worst-case scenarios, from substance abuse to natural disasters. This comprehensive manual also includes action items geared to help prevent small crises from escalating to huge ones.

Educate yourself in your ministry and counseling practice: Everything you find here can help you in your out reach ministry or chaplaincy program regarding furthering your knowledge in ministry or chaplaincy. Chaplains work in all these areas of ministry, there is a wealth of information, supplies and training that can be found on this page. For all those who want to seek training on their own we have found the following training information for them. There is a lot of information here so it would be in your best interest to take your time and look at all that is offered. Chaplaincy is not about religion. Chaplains work in a ministry of presence, they deal with real life crisis situations and at times under dangerous conditions on a day by day basis. If you are serious about your out reach ministry or chaplaincy program you need diverse training, it is our hope that the information on this page will help many who come here to get that training.

The causes of school violence are complex and varied. Forensic psychologists who study criminal behavior believe school killers are very different from other violent youth, such as gang members or drug dealers. For whatever reason, they feel powerless and begin obsessing over killing or injuring others. They may make direct threats concerning those they feel are taunting or intimidating them. They often express these thoughts and plans to fellow students. In general, other students tend to ignore the comments or simply look the other way. The thousands of students directly exposed to school violence, both the highly publicized multiple homicides and the less publicized episodes of threats and standoffs that did not lead to actual injury or death, can suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. This condition can cause depression, anger, and anxiety. Overall, the ability for youth to learn and schools to effectively teach are greatly affected by school violence.